public static void main(String[] args) {
    // 1.创建Semaphore对象
    Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);

    // 2. 10个线程同时运行
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                // 3. 获取许可
                semaphore.acquire();
                sout(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " running...");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                sout(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " end...");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                // 4. 释放许可
                semaphore.release();
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

// acquire() -> sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1)，可中断
public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg) {
    if (Thread.interrupted())
        throw new InterruptedException();
    // 尝试获取通行证，获取成功返回 >= 0的值
    if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
        // 获取许可证失败，进入阻塞
        doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg);
}

// tryAcquireShared() -> nonfairTryAcquireShared()
// 非公平，公平锁会在循环内 hasQueuedPredecessors()方法判断阻塞队列是否有临头节点(第二个节点)
final int nonfairTryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
    for (;;) {
        // 获取 state ，state 这里【表示通行证】
        int available = getState();
        // 计算当前线程获取通行证完成之后，通行证还剩余数量
        int remaining = available - acquires;
        // 如果许可已经用完, 返回负数, 表示获取失败,
        if (remaining < 0 ||
            // 许可证足够分配的，如果 cas 重试成功, 返回正数, 表示获取成功
            compareAndSetState(available, remaining))
            return remaining;
    }
}

private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg) {
    // 将调用 Semaphore.aquire 方法的线程，包装成 node 加入到 AQS 的阻塞队列中
    final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
    // 获取标记
    boolean failed = true;
    try {
        for (;;) {
            final Node p = node.predecessor();
            // 前驱节点是头节点可以再次获取许可
            if (p == head) {
                // 再次尝试获取许可，【返回剩余的许可证数量】
                int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
                if (r >= 0) {
                    // 成功后本线程出队（AQS）, 所在 Node设置为 head
                    // r 表示【可用资源数】, 为 0 则不会继续传播
                    setHeadAndPropagate(node, r); 
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return;
                }
            }
            // 不成功, 设置上一个节点 waitStatus = Node.SIGNAL, 下轮进入 park 阻塞
            if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                throw new InterruptedException();
        }
    } finally {
        // 被打断后进入该逻辑
        if (failed)
            cancelAcquire(node);
    }
}

private void setHeadAndPropagate(Node node, int propagate) {    
    Node h = head;
    // 设置自己为 head 节点
    setHead(node);
    // propagate 表示有【共享资源】（例如共享读锁或信号量）
    // head waitStatus == Node.SIGNAL 或 Node.PROPAGATE，doReleaseShared 函数中设置的
    if (propagate > 0 || h == null || h.waitStatus < 0 ||
        (h = head) == null || h.waitStatus < 0) {
        Node s = node.next;
        // 如果是最后一个节点或者是等待共享读锁的节点，做一次唤醒
        if (s == null || s.isShared())
            doReleaseShared();
    }
}

// release() -> releaseShared()
public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
    // 尝试释放锁
    if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
        doReleaseShared();
        return true;
    }    
    return false;
}
protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {    
    for (;;) {
        // 获取当前锁资源的可用许可证数量
        int current = getState();
        int next = current + releases;
        // 索引越界判断
        if (next < current)            
            throw new Error("Maximum permit count exceeded");        
        // 释放锁
        if (compareAndSetState(current, next))            
            return true;    
    }
}
private void doReleaseShared() {    
    // PROPAGATE 详解    
    // 如果 head.waitStatus == Node.SIGNAL ==> 0 成功, 下一个节点 unpark	
    // 如果 head.waitStatus == 0 ==> Node.PROPAGATE
}

// LOL 10人进入游戏倒计时
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(10);
    ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
    String[] all = new String[10];
    Random random = new Random();

    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
        int finalJ = j;//常量
        service.submit(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(100));	//随机休眠
                all[finalJ] = i + "%";
                System.out.print("\r" + Arrays.toString(all));	// \r代表覆盖
            }
            latch.countDown();
        });
    }
    latch.await();
    System.out.println("\n游戏开始");
    service.shutdown();
}
/*
[100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%]
游戏开始

public CountDownLatch(int count) {
    if (count < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0");
    this.sync = new Sync(count);
}

public void countDown() {
    sync.releaseShared(1);
}

public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
    if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) { //对计数器进行减一操作
        doReleaseShared();//如果计数器为0，唤醒被await方法阻塞的所有线程
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
    for (;;) {//死循环，如果CAS操作失败就会不断继续尝试。
        int c = getState();//获取当前计数器的值。
        if (c == 0)// 计数器为0时，就直接返回。
            return false;
        int nextc = c-1;
        if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))// 使用CAS方法对计数器进行减1操作
            return nextc == 0;//如果操作成功，返回计数器是否为0
    }
}

public void await() throws InterruptedException {
    sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}

public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
        throws InterruptedException {
    if (Thread.interrupted())
        throw new InterruptedException();
    if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)//判断计数器是否为0
        doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg);//如果不为0则阻塞当前线程
}

protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
    return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1;
}